Thomas Hobbes Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Thomas Hobbes - Article Example Hobbes inevitably passed on in Hardwick in 1679 at 90 years old after he was assaulted by loss of motion. He will consistently be associated with his political methods of reasoning and this unconcerned method of remarking (on philosophical fronts) from others. Hobbes built up his own political examination and reasoning, which he recorded as a book distributed in 1651 with the title of Leviathan. His contentions in the said distribution were lighting up. It is so straightforward in the every day happenings of a man who is a childish and ravenous life form, consistently prepared at war with other men (living beings of his sort) for his own prosperity and advantage. His proposals are that individuals have turned narrow minded in their ordinary method of living and they have a heartless existence towards different people which they ought not do in any case. Everybody doesn't follow the way set by great men of past, which is a lot to his aversion. He doesn't care for the disposition controlled by the individuals who follow the sovereigns as though they are Gods or more than them. Dread of death, as per him, is one such thing, which brings to our notification that causes them to follow the sovereigns in any conceivable manner they can. A common chief can't in at any rate speak to individuals' perspectives; yet the equivalent as per him is going on day in day out in this world. The individual having authority allows his orders to commands, which Hobbes doesn't exactly favor of in any capacity. His different books additionally propose similar philosophies, which are there in his hit one, Leviathan. These proposed his enthusiasm for social affair some examination on political ways of thinking just as certain correlations with the manners by which pioneers and sovereigns have experienced their lives and as an outcome controlled over individuals. Different scholars likewise followed in a similar manner as Hobbes did. They considered his examinations and therefore made their own in the light of what Hobbes had just said. Among them were incorporated huge names like J.L.Stephen. C.H.Hinnat, T. Surrell. Hobbes was not content with the lessons of Aristotle and commented them as being botch in precept. He criticized the English colleges of their dull methodology towards their educational plan. In all actuality, he owed both to Aristotle just as the English colleges since he established the framework of his convictions graciousness through Aristotle and these varsities. Hobbes pays significance on the subject of temperance. As indicated by him, ideals builds up the regard among individuals so they can live inside the pre-set good laws and tail them in conformance. Excellence gives a motivator or advantage from which the individual can profit as long as he is alive. It is an ever-enduring impact on one's character. Thomas Hobbes recommends that the driving forces that one has inside him/her from time to time ought to be controlled with the goal that an individual's character doesn't impact radically or at different occasions, quickly. Moral quality is the key for an individual and he/she ought not let free on this very resource of his/her. Controlling wants is likewise a bit of leeway that one has over other of his kindred individuals. One should never let his/her wants show signs of improvement of him/her under any conditions at all. Hobbes has been in the front line like Locke, Kant and Mill in presenting inside individuals the significance of goodness. They term it as of comparative significance as individuals attach themselves to their psyche and

The way black people are treated by white people in the short story Crackling Day by Peter Abrahams Essay Example

The manner in which dark individuals are treated by white individuals in the short story Crackling Day by Peter Abrahams Essay Snapping Day by Peter Abrahams is set in South Africa in the second 50% of the twentieth century. In the nation right now, the blacks and the whites were isolated. They had various lifts in structures, various sea shores, transports, and shops. Interracial relations, and relationships were unlawful. The whites possessed a great part of the land, in truth 80% of it. They claimed the mines, and the urban areas. The story is around 2 young men who make a trip the entire day to a ranch to gather their week after week measure of popping for their families. The story is set in the nation almost a town called Elsburg. This short story gives us how the blacks rewarded the whites, and how the blacks needed to treat the whites. The story is called Crackling Day since it begins with two young men, Andries and Lee who are making the long trek to Elsburg siding for the square of pigs skin that went for our day by day meat. The young men needed to gather a twofold measure of cow fertilizer the day preceding, with the goal that they could get the snapping. This shows the dark individuals were poor, as they needed to play out the employments that the white individuals would not like to do, for example, gather cow excrement, just to get some pig skin. We will compose a custom article test in transit dark individuals are treated by white individuals in the short story Crackling Day by Peter Abrahams explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test in transit dark individuals are treated by white individuals in the short story Crackling Day by Peter Abrahams explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test in transit dark individuals are treated by white individuals in the short story Crackling Day by Peter Abrahams explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer This was there day by day meat and it was everything they could manage. The citation, Ill skin you on the off chance that you lose the cash! shows that they didn't have a great deal of cash. The way that they had minimal expenditure can likewise been found in the way that they didn't have garments that shielded them from the virus. The virus experienced my shirt and shorts; my skin went pimply and cooled; my fingers went numb and started to hurt. It can likewise been seen that they couldn't manage the cost of shoes as it says, The virus was not all that awful on bear feet on the off chance that one didn't keep still. It can likewise be found in, y feet felt like solidified knots that didn't have a place with me In the story is says, They instruct them to go for us. Never get captured by one. My old keeps an eye on got a gap in his base where a Boer hound got him. They accepted that white individuals prepared their pooches to assault dark individuals. This may not be valid however. At the point when the two young men are going to battle two white men descended the way and they finished their battle. This shows they may have been threatened them. At the point when the two young men get to Elsburg, they need to line for their snapping. The man who offers it to them is white.

Battle Of Britain Essay Example For Students

Clash Of Britain Essay Clash of BritainDunkirk-May 1940In May of 1940 German powers attacked France. Before the finish of May Allied soldiers were cornered, on the coast, in the town of Dunkirk. They had been overwhelmed by the German blitzkrieg(?Battle of Britain?).Though German aircraft had devastated more than 200 of the salvage task forces transports, the British despite everything had the option to empty 224,000 of their soldiers alongside 123,00 French(Mosley 20). Despite the fact that they had been compelled to forsake the vast majority of their gear and supplies on the sea shore, the British kept away from the snare set by the Germans. This occasion was the antecedent to the Battle of Britain. Now, Germany felt that Allied powers were frail and if they somehow managed to attack Great Britain, the time was at that point. Prefight OddsAfter Dunkirk the Royal Air Force had low confidence and its numbers were seriously exhausted. In the endeavor to shield the salvage task force from the Luftwaffe the RAF(Royal Air Force) lost 106 warriors and 75 pilots, which was one fourth of their air power. By July 1940 the stage was set for the Battle of Britain, which was to be the primary significant fight to be battled totally noticeable all around. In the months after Dunkirk a few variables had become possibly the most important factor that would both hurt and help the Allies and the Germans. The Luftwaffe was evaluated to have 4,500 first-line airplane and the RAF 2,900(Mosley 52). What's more, since the English Channel was the main thing isolating the Allies from the Germans, Britain expected to make up for lost time. The British expected to renew their provisions and they expected to radically build the quantity of planes being created at the earliest opportunity. Two things brought the British more planes f or the Battle of Britain. The first was Churchill not permitting further planes to be traveled to France as associate, all things considered, France had just been vanquished and involved by German powers. The subsequent activity was the expanded processing plant creation of planes. In the months that followed the departure at Dunkirk, British laborers fabricated 446 new warriors for the RAF, which was 100 more than the Germans were creating. So as to fabricate this numerous new planes the production lines were working seven days per week and by Lord Beavbrooks ?work ceaselessly? arrangement. While trying to support the exertion, ladies all over Britain put their family things containing aluminum out for assortment, with the goal that the important materials for warrior creation was available(Mosley 52). Another in addition to for Britain was their aircraft. The planes would be utilized to assault focuses in Germanys mechanical heartland and furthermore in German-controlled Channel p orts, where German boats were collecting for Operation Sea Lion ,the anticipated seaborne intrusion of Britain. They likewise had great RAF contenders, which would be expected to ensure the British Isles during the battle(Mosley 54). One other huge home bit of leeway for Britain was that they had the option to recuperate any pilots who had rescued of their planes generally rapidly in light of the fact that they had the Royal Navy prepared and in the event that they arrived in GB they wouldnt need to stress over being placed in a POW camp. There were three other cautious points of interest the British had: Command headquarters(defensive air tasks), radar, and a German code breaking machine. England found their base of tasks at Bently Priory, an eighteenth century house. It was their top-mystery center of air activities, with a plotting room(worked by the Womens Auxiliary Air Force), where Chief Marshal Dowding and his air-controllers would watch the extraordinary diagram and plan the fight affidavits to be made to the RAF(Mosley 56). Radar(RAdio Detection And Ranging) was a significant part of Britains ground barriers. England utilized it to identify far off items, their area, and their speed, by examining the ultra-high-recurrence radio waves reflected from their surfaces. Dowding made a correspondences coordinate with radar reports, which would get took care of back to Bently Priorys focal plotting room, where Dowding and his staff would have the option to send contenders where and when they were required. Radar was the main type of a cutting edge air resistance arrange system(?Battle of Britain? what's more, Mosley 54). The code breaking machine was additionally a significant asset and furthermore a top-mystery one as well. The machine was kept so mystery that even Dowdings subordinate authorities didnt think about it. The machine empowered the British to capture and break complex German codes, permitting them to gauge the Luftwaffes proposed targets and the quantities of airplane to be utilized even before the planes left the ground(Mosley 56). Then again, it looked as though all the chances were against Britain and for Germany after Dunkirk, however Germany made a progression of errors that wound up costing them beyond all doubt. One of the principal botches made by Germany was their unaltered pace of plane creation after Dunkirk. Hitler accepted that in the event that they expanded plane creation it would alert the number of inhabitants in Germany and furthermore that the crude materials used to fabricate the planes ought to be coordinated towards the creation of firearms. Likewise if the Luftwaffe needed to bomb London or some other huge modern city they would require all the more long-run substantial planes but since of the slowed down creation they werent fabricated. The main aircraft Germany had accessible toward the start of the fight were Dornier-17 and the Heinkel-111. The two planes had short ranges and were powerless agains t warriors coming in at them from specific points. Some portion of Germanys methodology going into the Battle of Britain was that the ground troops would be the most significant perspective once they landed and that their warriors and planes would be principally utilized as hostile support(Mosley 47). That was one of their first errors. One of Germanys most exceedingly awful disappointments in the skies was with their Junkers-87 plunge aircraft. It was an exceptionally viable plane yet it was truly defenseless against RAF warriors. The other exceptionally powerful German military aircraft was the Me-109(Messerschmitt-109) yet there was likewise a blemish to it. The Me-109 had a horrendous range and was scarcely sufficient for the tasks expected of it. It could just fly for 80 minutes, in this manner, with the measure of time it took to fly to and fro it just had a limit of twenty battle minutes accessible making numerous planes come up short on fuel and crash before they could retur n to France and land(Mosley 49). Another erroneous conclusion of the German methodology was the significance and utilization of radar in air tasks. They put most radar use in the hands of their naval force since they figured it would be increasingly valuable in sea reconnaissance(Mosley 54). In the event that Germany had invested more energy into building up the Luftwaffe for the Battle of Britain and used all conceivable air assets their erroneous conclusion probably won't have turned out so expensive. The Clarksville Art Scene and the Community EssayHerman GoringHerman Goring was leader of the Luftwaffe between 1933-1945. He was second in capacity to Adolf Hitler. Gutting administered arrangement of the Luftwaffe before World War 2. Gutting wound up slaughtering himself while in jail anticipating execution for war crimes(?Battle of Britain?). Sir Hugh DowdingDowding was the Air Chief Marshall during the Battle of Britain, leader of the RAF Fighter Command, and the cautious partner of Sir Arthur Harris. Dowding developed the protective air intensity of the RAF during the 1930s. After the Battle of Britain, Dowding lost his situation after an arrangement question. The procedure he utilized during the Battle of Britain and his tenacious assurance are credited for the effective barrier of Britain(?Battle of Britain?). Popular Planes of the RAFThe Supermarine Spitfire filled in as a first-line contender all through WW2. It was quick and flexibility. Its slim circular wings made it able to do extremely high speeds(571 km/hr). It had a Ceiling of 10,360 meters and a Range of 805 km. The make-up of the plane was consistently being changed to address the issues of low and high elevation contenders, tropicalized, navalized, or prepared as an unarmed photograph surveillance airplane. Its one of the most renowned military airplane ever. There were 20,351 fabricated and the RAF resigned the last Spitfire in 1954(?Battle of Britain?). The Hawker Hurricane was a biplane, structure shrewd, with a monoplane design. It had a Speed of 520 km/hr, a Ceiling of 10,900 meters, and a Range of 965 km. The fuselage was a propped steel tube development, with wooden edges and texture covering, making it simple to fix. The Hurricane was moderately sub-par compared to the best contenders however they were durable, dependable, and simple to create. Most contenders during the Battle of Britain were Hurricanes and later models were utilized as ground assault and hostile to tank airplane since they were out of date as warriors. 14,533 were built(?Battle of Britain?). The Boulton Paul Defiant was a two seat warrior with a four weapon deadly implement. It had beginning achievement however overwhelming loses followed. It had a Max. Speed of 485 km/hr, a Ceiling of 9,250 meters, and a Range of 740 km. It was later utilized as a night warrior and afterward as an objective pull. There were 1,064 built(?Battle of Britain?). Well known Planes of the LuftwaffeThe Messerschmitt Bf 109 was a standard Luftwaffe warrior all through the war. It had great execution and taking care of yet it had limited vision, terrible landing attributes, and it couldnt convey a ton of combat hardware since it was so little. It was the littlest edge that could be worked around the enormous and ground-breaking motor. The Me-109 had a Max. Speed of 560 km/hr, a Ceiling of 10,500 meters, and a Range of 660 km. It was perhaps the best warrior in the world(E model). There were roughly 35,000 fabricated and creation proceeded in Spain after the war(?Battle of Britain?). The Junkers Ju 88 was one of the most adaptable airplane of the war. It was utilized for different sorts of air fight: jump plane, observation airplane, torpedo-aircraft, night warrior, overwhelming day contender, and an enemy of tank airplane. The plane had a Speed of 470 km/hr, a Ceiling of 8,200 meters, and a Range of 2,730 km. There wer

Building An Annotated Bibliography Research Paper

Building An Annotated Bibliography - Research Paper Example This notice gives valuable data to build up the presentation. Critically, it would be utilized in the body of the venture to contend against the wrongdoing hindrance impact of the death penalty. Besides, it offers proof to dishonor those contending for utilization of the death penalty to deflect wrongdoing because of absence of research. This book gives a wide range of data on wrongdoing and degenerate conduct from a sociological point of view. The creators bolster capital punishment for utilitarian reasons and reprisal. All things considered, they give contentions of when capital punishment accomplishes more mischief than dissuading wrongdoing. They back up their contentions with instances of different legal disputes and their outcomes. It would be helpful at the presentation of the undertaking when characterizing the death penalty, its organization and targets. It would likewise be utilized in the body when giving contentions for and against capital punishment as an approach to stop wrongdoing with the proof of results of decisions giving suitable models. This book contends that the view of death being the harshest discipline would sensibly dissuade wrongdoing. Hoodlums carrying out life punishments don't have anything to stop them from wrongdoing other than the danger of death. Then again, it contends that death penalty leaves the powerless presented to maltreatment from the solid and furthermore brings about social issue, two elements which could advance wrongdoing. This book gives a basic premise to placing the death penalty into point of view while building up the presentation. Other than giving foundation data all through the task, it would be basic in the body of the venture to contend for and against the death penalty as an obstacle to wrongdoing. This article contends against the death penalty as an obstacle to wrongdoing. It proves this contention with the perception on the declining number of capital punishments in North Carolina, prompting no capital punishment in 2012. With this decrease, the North Carolina

Literary Journals For E-Readers

Literary Journals For E-Readers Im still relatively new to the e-reader world. Like Peter wrote in his post not too long ago, the propensity to switch over to reading in a digital platform can take you by surprise, sneaking up on you like a stealth ninja. Every so often, though, I find new ways that e-readers can make my reading life fuller, more enjoyable, and more practical. Which is why I want to talk about literary journals. As a writer of short stories and personal essays, Ive long been told to subscribe to literary journals, to read through them as research what are people doing, what are journals interested in, what is a particular journals aesthetic (at least for that issue)? If you dont read the magazine, the wisdom goes, then why would they publish you? But heres my dirty secret:  I dont read as many literary journals as I should. I have good intentions. Ill buy a subscription, happily retrieve journals from my mailbox, put them on my coffee table with my  Bon Appetit  and  Real Simple, and then forget about them. Part of my problem is convenience. When I pack up my purse to leave the house, I reach for a book or, more often these days, my Kindle. Its compact, it fits inside my purse, and Ive usually got a book loaded up and ready to go in there. The solution would seem to be online journals, ones where the content is available digitally on their website. But unless its on an app, again, Im not heading to a website. Im heading to a book. So what if the journal was where my books are? More specifically, what if the journal was in my Kindle? Now were talking. And there are some journals that make their content available digitally to subscribers through Kindle or Nook (and also Apple) formats. So Ive found three that do so, three journals that Im particularly psyched to load up into my Kindle pronto. Ploughshares Subscriptions to  Ploughshares  include the three regular issues (which come out in April, August, and December) and the Ploughshares Omnibus, a collection of  Ploughshares Solos, which are stories and essays that are available only in digital format; the  Omnibus is released in October, and is also available in both print and digital formats.  You can also purchase single issues from the archives. Ploughshares  is available for both Nook and Kindle. One Story One Story is exactly what it sounds like a literary journal featuring one story every three or four weeks. Subscribers receive the new story directly to their Kindle device. (One Story is also available through the Apple Newsstand.) The journal comes with a free 30-day trial, after which the monthly subscription starts for $1.49 a month. Narrative   Narratives  monthly issues  includes stories, poetry, cartoons, nonfiction, and more, which will all download directly to your Kindle. This journal also provides a 30-day free trial, after which the subscription starts for $3.49 a month.  Narrative  is also available on Apple and Android devices.

Tort Law Problem Answers - Free Essay Example

ISSUE Whether James can succeed in an assault Tort claim against Mele for her actions? RULE An assault is committed where the defendant intentionally or recklessly causes the victim to apprehend immediate unlawful personal violence. [1] The elements for assault are: An intentional act The absence of consent on Defendants part in this case The inducement of an apprehension of imminent contact ( An imminent battery) Is there any reasonable apprehension for reasonable battery? APPLICATION: An Intentional Act Intent is established if a reasonable person is substantially certain that certain consequences will result; likewise intent also established whether or not he or she actually intends those consequences to result. In Tuberville v Savage (1669) 86 ER 684[2] the defendant put his hand on his sword and stated that if it were not assize-time, I would not take this language from youà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. The court held that it does not amount to an assault as the words indicated that no violence would arise. Similarly on the facts, Sia did screamed at James saying à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“I know youà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢re out to get me and Ià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢m going to get you firstà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . These words were said without provocation and will not amount to any intention that would cause harm. However on the other hand, in Stephenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s v Myers (1830) 172 ER 735[3], the defendant made a violent gesture at the plaintiff by waiving a clenched fi st, but was prevented from reaching him by the intervention of third parties. The defendant was liable for assault. Likewise, in the given facts, Sia also did gestured threateningly to James when she approached him. Such act did constitute an intention to cause harm to James. Moreover it did create fear into James. Therefore this element is satisfied. The absence of consent on James part in this case There is no consent on James part. This is true, as to the period of time the incident did occurred. According to the facts at hand, Sia approached James during their lunch break, which indicates that James could not have contemplate that an incident as this would occur since he would have thought Sia is just a normal kid as the rest of the other students. Hence, there is an absence of consent on James part. Moreover, James did report the incident to the school principle meaning that he has no knowledge of Siaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s mental illness. Therefore, these gave reasonable gro unds for absent of consent on his part as well. Was there an inducement of an apprehension of imminent battery? The plaintiff must have a reasonable apprehension of imminent injury or offensive contact. Apprehension means awareness that an injury or offensive contact is imminent and is about to occur.[4] On the facts, James is aware of the threat of harm because Sia had stood face to face with him when she gestured threateningly and screamed à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“I know youà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢re out to get me and Ià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢m going to get you firstà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Gesturing threateningly to someone can create apprehension in the mind and can amount to assault as in Stephenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s v Myers (1830) 172 ER[5] where a defendant who violently gestured at the plaintiff by waiving a clenched fist amounts to assault. On the other hand, there is doubt in the question of whether words alone can constitute an assault.[6] , In Smith v Chief Constable of working (1983) 76 Cr A pp R 234[7] the defendant looked through the window of the plaintiff( a young women) at night and when she screamed he did not move but kept staring. The court held that she was frightened but could not have been frightened of personal violence as she was inside the house and defendant was outside of the house. However it can be distinguished to the facts in this case because even if Sia did make a future threat by verbally expressing it and was unable to carry out the threat it can be distinguished on the part where future threats made is usually where the plaintiff is out of the scope of danger. However in this scenario Sia is actually standing face to face when she screamed at James unlike in Smith v Chief Constable of working where the defendant was outside the house and the plaintiff was inside, hence it is likely that an apprehension of imminent battery can occur. Reasonable apprehension If a reasonable person would be frightened, then there may be assault even if batter y was impossible. In the given facts, for sure a reasonable person in James position would have felt threatened by the way Sia behaves. Even if Sia did gestured and screamed à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“I know youà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢re about to get me and Ià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢m going to get you firstà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , the nature of these word can cause fear in a person especially if that person threateningly gestured and screamed at you face to face. Moreover, the fact that James has refused to return to School and had to be transferred to another school indicates that he is in fear that such incident might occur again. Therefore a reasonable person in James shoes would have been terrified by such behavior. Conclusion: The elements above are satisfied in the facts of the present case, hence it is likely that Siaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s behavior amounts to assault. (b) TORT OF NEGLIGENCE ISSUE: Whether the school owe a duty of care to Mele? LAW: General Rule for Duty of Care à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The duty of care concerns the circumstances and relationships which the law recognizes as giving rise to a legal duty to take care.[8] It is necessary for the claimant to establish that the defendant owed them a duty of care. To establish that there is a duty to take care of another person, under the Caparo test the claimant must establish and fulfill the three elements of duty of care. They are foreseeability, proximity and in all circumstances it must be just, fair and reasonable to impose a duty of care. [9] Elements of Duty of Care: Foreseeability of damage Sufficient proximity between the parties Fair, just and reasonable In addition: Using Home office v Dorset Yacht Co Ltd (1970) AC 1004 House of Lords[10] on the test of who the duty of care is owed: Foreseeable victim Foreseeable zone APPLICATION: Foreseeability of damage The notion of foreseeability focuses on what a reasonable person would have foreseen in the circumstances.[11] As the principle of the school he should have anticipate foreseeable harm Sia might cause to other students in the future even if Siaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s mother had assured him that this will not happen again. Here, the school principle had already been aware of the fact that Sia is suffering from mental illness and that the prior incident which involves Sia with another student James would probably occur all over again, especially with a state of mind like Sia. As in Home Office v Dorset Yacht Co Ltd (1970) AC 1004 House of Lords[12], the Home Office owed a duty of care for their errors as they were in a position of control over the 3rd party who caused the damage and it was foreseeable that harm would result from their inaction.[13] Sufficient Proximity between the Parties Proximity focuses on the nature of a relationship between the parties. In essence, there must be a special relationship that exists between two parties in order to define the duty one owes another. On the facts here, the school has a special relationship to Mele in terms of principle and student relationship. The relationship indicates that the school principle has a duty towards its students in any circumstances in accordance to his profession. In this case, the school principle should have acted when he knew that Sia was mentally ill. Justice Winneke in Richard v State of Victoria (1969) VR 136 states that a principles duty is as follows: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"It is the need of a child of immature age for protection against conducts of others, or himself, which may cause injury, or indeed himself, joined with the fact that, during school hours, the child is beyond the control and protection of his parent and placed under the control of the schoolmaster/principle who is in a position to exercise authority over him and afford him, in the exercise of reasonable care, protection from injury or harmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . [14] Therefore, there existed a relationship between the school principle and Mele as a student. Fair, just and reasonable Even if foreseeability and proximate relationship between the parties are satisfied it must be just, fair and reasonable to impose such a duty.[15] According to the facts here, it is in the best interest of Mele as a student and if the school principle had done his job properly such harm would not occur. Therefore, it is fair, just and reasonable and a duty of care can be imposed on the school. Furthermore in using Home Office v Dorset Yacht Co Ltd (1970) AC 1004[16] House of Lords as an authority, to who is a duty of care owed? The test of duty of care includes D reasonably foresee ability of the injury claimed by P. Foreseeable victim Here in the given facts, it is more likely that the principle would anticipate foreseeable harm that Sia might cause to other students including Mele. It is possible for the principle to foresee that his inaction, which is his failure to fully take into consideration the mental illness suffered by Sia, would cause harm to Mele. Because he had prior knowledge of Siaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s psychotic nature which Mary (Siaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Mother) had informed him that sometimes she made threats to others. Foreseeable Zone Foreseeability would establish if the foreseeable Pà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s are people who at that time are physically in the zone where the harm maybe expected to cause physical injury. In this scenario, the principle foresees that Sia is capable of attacking her classmates because of the first incident involving a student which she also threatens. In this sense, there is more probability that the principle knew that at any-time Sia would attack any student in school like Mele. Even if the principle did not know Mele personally he still would have foreseen the possibility that Sia could have caused any harm to any student apart from Mele. CONCLUSION: All the elements of duty of care is satisfied, thus the school owes a duty of care to Mele (c) ISSUE: Whether Fine can succeed in an action in negligence against the school for the psychological harm suffered and whether the school owed a duty of care to Fine. LAW: PSYCHIATRIC ILLNESS The general principles of negli gence are used where a claimant suffers only a psychiatric illness and physical harm. However, where a claimant suffers only psychiatric injuries, additional requirements have to be met for a successful claim.[17] Distinction must be made between a primary and secondary victim in cases of pure psychiatric injuries. The use of reasonable foreseeability test is also relevant to determine the class of persons who are most likely to recover damages which also led to rely on the test of proximity when considering the physical relationship of the witness to the accident.[18] SECONDARY VICTIM This class of person are those not within the physical zone of danger but witnesses of horrific events and suffers without himself being exposed to danger.[19] In Alcock ors v Chief Constable of South Yorkshire [1992] AC 310 House of Lords[20], secondary victims must demonstrate the four Alcock criteria in order to establish liability: Close tie of love and affection Witnesses the event with their own unaided senses Proximity to the event itself or its immediate aftermath Psychiatric injury must be a result if a shocking event APPLICATION: According to the scenario, Fine is regarded as a secondary victim since she was not within the physical zone of danger but suffers without being expose to danger that occurred. Close tie of love and affection There must be evidence of the existence of a close relationship of love and affection between the victim and the witness. This will be presumed in parent and child and spouses but must be proved in other relationships.[21] In the scenario, evidence of necessary close ties had been adduced between Mele (victim) and Fine (witness). Here, Mele is Fineà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s daughter. Therefore, it indicates a close tie of love and affection. Witnesses the event with their own unaided senses This focuses on the fact that seeing the events on television is not sufficient. On the present scenario, it can be distinguished that Fine witness the event with her aided senses since she was there at the scene and saw her daughter being carried out on a stretcher with blood pouring from his face. Hence, she is unlikely to recover from psychiatric injuries caused. Proximity to the event itself or its immediate aftermath In Alcock ors v Chief Constable of South Yorkshire (1992) AC[22], the relatives that had visited the make shift mortuary to identify loved ones were held not to come within the immediate aftermath of the event. It is a well-established rule that in order to recover damages for shock the plaintiff must have been present at the scene of the accident. On the facts of the scenario Fineà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s psychiatric injury is a result of the immediate aftermath of the event when she saw her daughter carried out on a stretcher with blood pouring from her face. Psychiatric injury must be a result of a shocking event. Lord Ackner states that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“shockà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  in the context of this cause of action, involves the sudden appreciation by sight or sound of a horrifying event, which violently agitates the mind. However, this excludes those who suffer psychiatric injury caused by buildup over a period of time.[23] On the facts of the present scenario, Fineà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s shock involves sudden appreciation by sight of the event when she came to school and was at the scene. Therefore, seeing her daughter Mele being carried on a stretcher with blood pouring from her face gave her the sudden appreciation, thus cause her the psychiatric injury. REASONABLE FORESEEABILITY PROXIMITY-DISTANCE (AFTERMATH) It is more likely that the psychiatric injury sustained by Fine is reasonably foreseeable as a result of the school principalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s failure to act. This is because the principle is aware of the fact that Sia had suffered from mental illness and could have been aware of the consequences that might occur and that any person present or saw the aftermath of the event would be affected. In McLoughlin v Oà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Brian [1983] 1 AC 410[24], Lord Wilberforce stated that the aftermath doctrine in which one who from proximity comes very soon upon the scene should not be excluded and by way of reinforcement of aftermath cases.[25]Therefore Fine should not be excluded as she had witnessed the aftermath of the event. CONCLUSION: By applying these principles, it is likely that Fine would succeed in bringing an action against the school for her psychiatric injury. BIBLIOGRAPHY Fraser, Ian, LW 203 Torts I: Course Book, Sera Rokodi, 2011. K. M. Stanton, The Modern Law of Tort, (1994), Sweet and Maxwell, London. Michael A. Jones, Textbook on Torts, (8th Ed, 2007), Oxford University Press, New York. Tony Weir, A Casebook on Tort, (10th Ed, 2004), Sweet and Maxwell, London. Cases Alcock ors v Chief Constable of South Yorkshire [ 1992] AC 310 McLoughlin v Oà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Brian [1983] 1 AC 410 Home Office v Dorset Yacht Co Ltd [1970] AC 1004 Richard v State of Victoria (1969) VR 136 Smith v Chief Constable of working (1983) 76 Cr App R 234 Stephenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s v Myers (1830) 172 ER 735 Tuberville v Savage (1669) 86 ER 684 [1] W.V.H Rogers, Torts,(1994)p58 [2] Tuberville v Savage (1669) 86 ER 684 [3] Stephensà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s v Myers (1830) 172 ER 735 [4] K. M. Stanton, The Modern Law of Tort, (1994) p 58 [5] ibid [6] Above n3 p188 [7] Smith v Chief Constable of working (1983) 76 Cr App R 234 [8] Michael A. J, Textbook on Torts, (8th Ed, 2007) p31 [9] Tony. Weir, A Casebook on Tort, (10th Ed, 2004) p46. [10] Home Office v Dorset Yacht Co Ltd [1970] AC 1004 [11] Michael A. J, Textbook on Torts, (8th Ed, 2007) p37 [12] Home Office v Dorset Yacht Co Ltd [1970] AC 1004 [13] Cited in K. M. Stanton, The Modern Law of Tort, (1994) p27 [14] Richard v State of Victoria (1969) VR 136 [15] Michael. A. J, Textbook on Torts, (8th Ed, 2007) p35. [16] Home Office v Dorset Yacht Co Ltd [1970] AC 1004 [17] I.Fraser, LW 203 Torts I, (Sera Rokodi, 2011) pg 5.24 [18] n [19] W.V.H. Rogers, Torts, (1994) p120 [20] Alcock ors v Chief Constable of South Yorkshire [1992] AC 310 [21] Tony. Weir, A Casebook on Tort, (10th Ed, 2004) p209-210 [22] Alcock ors v Chief Constable of South Yorkshire [1992] AC 310 [23] Cited in above n22 p208 [24] McLoughlin v Oà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Brian [1983] 1 AC 410 [25] Michael. A. J, Textbook on Torts, (8th Ed, 2007) p208

William Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet - 1186 Words

When discussing classic love stories, William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet is often included in the conversation. The tragic story of the â€Å"star-crossed lovers† (Shakespeare 6) is taught in high schools and studied in colleges. Its poetry has graced many stages and silver screens. Romeo and Juliet is also often reimagined for a modern audience. One such interpretation is West Side Story. Written by Stephen Sondheim, it made its Hollywood debut in 1961 under directors Jerome Robbins and Robert Wise. Instead of feuding families in Verona, West Side Story touts rival gangs in New York City. Although the plots of West Side Story and Romeo and Juliet themselves seem interchangeable, key differences exist that make West Side Story a†¦show more content†¦West Side Story and Romeo and Juliet both delve into battle rather quickly, making haste to display the deadly feuds between characters. This fight happens before any dialogue occurs, but it still direct ly mirrors how the initial fight in Romeo and Juliet occurs. Instead of exchanging banter, battles between the Jets and Sharks â€Å"are mild at first: a boy being tripped up, or being sandbagged with a flour sack or even spit on† (Sondheim 1.1). The early fighters of Romeo and Juliet, on the other hand, are not immediately physical with each other, aside from Sampson rudely biting his thumb toward Abram (Shakespeare 1.1.44). Moving on from the fight, Romeo and Mercutio plot to sneak into the Capulet’s ball, while Tony is convinced to go to the dance in the gymnasium. Romeo and Tony, however, have similar premonitions of â€Å"some consequence yet hanging in the stars† (1.4.114), â€Å"a miracle due† (Sondheim 1.2), ultimately predicting that fate will have a hand in the night. As balconies turn into fire escapes, female love interests are thought to be dead, and feuds end, West Side Story continues to emulate Romeo and Juliet almost seamlessly, but not quite flawlessly. A few instances seen in West Side Story ensure its independence from the Shakespearean love-story. These differences, however, strengthen West Side Story as a modern adaptation of Romeo and Juliet. Romeo and Juliet marry each other, but Tony

The Issue Of Gun Control - 985 Words

Gun control is a topic that has gained a lot of momentum lately. There have been several horrific tragedies that have occurred over the last few years. The debate continues whether access to guns is directly linked to crime and violence and identifying the steps needed to prevent such tragedies in the future. The public and those in public office have been reviewing whether more stringent controls on gun purchases and on gun owners with a mental illness should be implemented and what these controls might look like. A person’s mental health should be considered when purchasing a firearm because of incidents like Sandy Hook. Having a gun doesn’t automatically make you a murderer. A murder is usually never an ordinary individual but rather†¦show more content†¦Gun owners tend to be white, male, conservative and live in rural areas (Jervis, 2016). Data from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) show that on an average day, 93 Americans are killed with guns. The gun debate has been dominated by the Nation Rifle Association which promotes gun use for hunting and target/sport shooting. The National Rifle Association is a nonprofit organization that promote gun safety and lobbying under the second amendment, the right to bear arms. NRA (National Rifle Association) has 3 million members, and sponsors and encourages target shooting, hunting, safety training, and shooting sports (Fisher, C. E., Lieberman, J. A., 2013). The NRA has had success due to their strength in numbers within their NRA group. The NRA will support any elective that supports gun accessibility. Many American’s just carry a gun for self-protection. Some Americans believe that society deserves to be protected and that we need firearms for the security and self-defense of our U.S. citizens. In the United States, approximately 14% of households with a gun report that they have used a gun for protection (Leddy, 1991). Gun violence is an epidemic. Many lives have been lost since people have could obtain firearms legally or illegally. In very basic terms, gun violence is the use of a gun in an unlawful way or to cause harm or death either accidentally or intentionally. Per the Mass Shooting Tracker (2016)Show MoreRelatedGun Issue And Gun Control1401 Words   |  6 PagesUniversity, Gun Politics has been a course I have aspired to take. While many enroll in such a course looking for an escape from the â€Å"collegiate liberal echo chamber† or as an outlet for their conservative agendas, I saw the class as an â€Å"entrance to the dark side.† My views on guns prior to the class were, I would call, polarized yet uninformed. In most of my discussions, I would cite the Australian 1996 National Firearms Agreement as precedent for how American politicians should approach the gun issueRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control Essay1646 Words   |  7 Pagessomebody who wants to inflict harm on oth er people to get his or her hands on a gun.† (Simple Minded Gun Control). Gun control is a controversial issue worldwide. The reason why this has attracted so much attention is because not everyone is in favor of gun control and each side brings up excellent points about the issue. Research related to this issue strongly supports the claim that there SHOULD be more gun control laws. Three arguments that prove this position are (1) Incidents like Sandy HookRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1489 Words   |  6 Pagessplit on the issue of gun control. We have seen many violent shootings and innocent people dying because of gun violence. Some Americans believe we need strict gun laws to protect our children and ourselves from these horrific tragedies. Other Americans believes it is our rights as Americans to posses’ guns and we are entitled to that right in our constitution. There are also some Americans that are stuck in the middle and can see both sides but recent events have definitely caused this issue to be inRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1031 Words   |  5 Pagesintegrate them in a way that will trigger a new viewpoint on the subject. Gun control is something that should be enforced across the world in order to save lives. In the United States there is a ratio of 88.8 guns per one hundred persons (GunPolicy.org). Those numbers award us with the highest total per capita number in the world. With that amount of firepower there needs to be an efficient way to regulate who exactly can purchase a gun. Since 1791 when the second amendment was ratified there have beenRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1705 Words   |  7 Pagesaway without preface or reason. All someone needs to do is pull the trigger. In today’s world, guns are far too accessible to the people of society. We hear in the news, stories of mass shootings, homicides, and suicides; most of which are caused by the activation of a gun. A hot-button issue, gun control is one of the most debated topics in American politics. Should we, or should we not, be able to own guns? Although it infringes on the Second Amendment that provides the right to bear arms, this amendmentRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control951 Words   |  4 PagesGun control has been a big topic for the past decade in the united states. These debates will rise and fall time in and time out after something horrific happens in the state. Anti-Gun supporters do not realize that it is extremely difficult to regulate something in the states that is a big portion of our economy.Would stricter gun laws change anything? So far statistically It has been proven otherwise one must consider how a citizen would defend themselves when they are faced with terror. How willRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control929 Words   |  4 PagesGun Control Getting arrested yesterday was not the highlight of my week. I was hungry; so I went to Wal-Mart get some charcoal, lighter fluid, and steak. I put the charcoal in the grill and the lighter fluid on the coals. I got a little lighter fluid on my arm, but I didn’t pay it much attention. I lit the match and threw it on the coals. I looked down and my sleeve was on fire. I was waving my arm in the air, trying to put it out. Then here they come the police pulled in and tackled me to theRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1552 Words   |  7 PagesThe issue of gun is always controversial. Firearm can be used as defending or an assaulting weapon. In United States, firearm increase the rate of homicide, suicide and gun violence, which can harm and murder people. Moreover, taking away people’s gun will not work effectively because the murder and criminal will find another ways to get guns. Also, the black market will appear for the people who cannot get guns from regulated market s. In addition, if regulated guns are banned, murderers may useRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1678 Words   |  7 PagesJanuary 2014 The 2nd Amendment Over the past few years, the issue of gun control has been widely discussed. You surely have heard the phrase, â€Å"Guns don’t kill people, people kill people† uttered and i wholeheartedly support this statement. It is important to treat guns responsibly so they do not end up in the wrong hands. I believe gun control violates our inalienable rights. Another piece of our liberty will surely be taken away if guns are banned, and socialism and totalitarianism will be rightRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1208 Words   |  5 PagesWill Christopherson Traverson English 2 1 March 2017 Gun Control The United States has 88.8 guns per 100 people, or about 270,000,000 guns, which is the highest total and per capita number across the globe. The current public gun control debate in the United States seems to be placed on standby until it is sparked up by a major mass shooting. There were at least 126 mass shootings between January 2000 and July 2014.(pro). Opponents of more gun laws accuse supporters of using a horrific event to further

There`s Always Laughter to Life - 1459 Words

There`s always laughter to life Understanding life and why things happen is impossible. Life is like a game, accepting the things that life throws at us is the challenge. For some, giving up is the key to life. For others it`s important to look at the bright side of life and live on. Nick Hornby tackles very serious issues in his novels Slam and A Long Way Down. However, he addresses the topics in a more comic manner which creates a more appealing and effective story. In both novels, Hornby takes on serious issues in today`s society. Although lessons are to be learned about these issues, he takes a funny approach to telling the story. In Slam, several issues arise with a 16-year old boy. The first big issue he discusses is teen†¦show more content†¦But something happened† (Hornby, Slam 61). He gives a great deal of detail of what has happened, and even puts emotion into what he is saying to a reader. Although Sam is usually calm, he gets rather angry when his mother brings up his birth, â€Å"Yeah, yeah. It f***** up your life† (Hornby Slam 59). This is quite ironic, because Sam believes her life is messed up due to an early baby. However, although an accident, Sam is planning on having a child with Alicia at the age of 16 as well. Hornby uses these parallels to create a comic image in his readers mind. Alicia’s parents play a strong role in Sam’s life. Hornby uses them as the stereotypical strict parents. Andr ea, a counsellor becomes very upset about the pregnancy. Robert Burns, a college professor is furious about the pregnancy. This puts extra pressure on Sam and his struggles. Hornby uses the parents to create some controversy, which is another great comedy technique. Squires 4 Characters in A Long Way Down are very diverse. Hornby relates to every character in a way, â€Å"I have a disabled son of my own, and there are lots of things in her that I’m clued into† (Hornby). 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Normally, insane people don’t have the capacity to laugh or find the humor in something as would normal people do. They live tragic existences, wandering day by day in the bland, depressing world of an asylum. They have forgotten how to live because they are under the commanding rule of the head nurse, and under the behavioral influence of d rug doses and bossy orderlies. The patients’ laughter is a therapeutic form. In the novel laughter representsRead MoreCoping Strategies For Pediatric Patients Essay1282 Words   |  6 Pageswhich was proved to be unnecessary. Some say laughter is the best medicine. According to Malchiodi in Psychology today, Humor therapy is officially both complementary and mainstream medicine. â€Å"Clown care† has been a part of bedside treatment where using magic, juggling, and silly jokes has become an entity especially in pediatric wards. 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Relevance of Research in the Technology Business - 1851 Words

1. Albert Einstein said The formulation of a problem is far more often essential than its solution, which may be merely a matter of mathematical or experimental skill. To raise new questions, new possibilities, to regard old problems from a new angle require creative imagination and marks real advance in science. What is the value of this statement in terms of the research process? What is the relevance and relationship of this statement to the technologically advancing business world? Where do these questions allow us to go? As far as the value in regards to the research process, it is apparent that any kind of planning and Designing is usually the most significant stage of the research process. The method of which you design and then gather all of the data together is more significant than the examination of the data and succeeding understanding of the result of the evaluation. People that are familiar with the awareness of the software and the right equation will be able to discover the results nevertheless it will most likely take a planner and designer to properly understand a manufacture. Such as, for example, a worker can be given some data and with their understanding of EXCEL (and their can be some assistance from the internet), the worker will be able to get the regression equation. A worker many not have been able to contribute in the research design and data collection (or they did not take anytime to learn the design of the data). So even though they mightShow MoreRelatedRegulatory Compliance Controls1712 Words   |  7 Pagesrisk, and cost of equity. Moreover, remediation of internal control deficiencies was found to result in statistically significant and economically important changes to the cost of equity (from 50 to 150 basis points). 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Parent Child Relationship Free Essays

AN ISSUE OF LOCAL CONCERN – PARENT CHILD RELATIONSHIP In life, it is a reality that we become what we have been involved with and taught since we were born. The environment we live is crucial to the way our way of thinking will develop, and therefore, it will have a great impact on  our actions and decisions. Parents play an important role in our lives as our examples and models. We will write a custom essay sample on Parent Child Relationship or any similar topic only for you Order Now Parents and their children hold a special relationship with each other. The kind of parent-child relationship has a huge effect on the way that the child will turn out. Parenting requires a great deal of adaptation. The parents want to develop a strong bond with their child but they also want to maintain a healthy marital relationship and adult friendships. The major cause of problems in relationship between parents and children is the generation gap. Nowadays, parents try to force the children into disciplined life. For instance, they ask the children to shut their mouth when they are expressing the views about some family issue while trying to manipulate their decisions. Due to this children don’t open up to their parents and this leads them to be suspicious of their children. When parents are in the pursuit to discover exactly what is going on, the children tend to lose trust in their parents, feeling that their parents are always trying to catch them doing something wrong. Parents, on the other hand, are more experienced in dealing with life’s problems. They try to protect their children from the problems they had to face when they were young. They try different means to do this and these means have a great impact on the parent child relationship. If the parent frequently uses punishments instead confrontations, the mental state of the child can be spoilt. But if the parent mostly spares the rod also, it spoils the child. There is no perfect way of parenting; it’s more of trial and error. But parents and children can have a very good relationship only when the child as well as the parent makes an effort. Chatting together and going out for a movie or a family picnic once and giving them your presence rather than presents is more effective. As the famous saying goes†¦. †Don’t try to perfect your child, try to perfect your relationship† How to cite Parent Child Relationship, Papers

Native Son Characters Essay Example For Students

Native Son: Characters Essay Native Son: CharactersRichard Wrights novel, Native Son, consisted of various main and supporting character to deliver an effective array of personalities and expression. Each characters actions defines their individual personalities and belief systems. The main character of Native Son, Bigger Thomas has personality traits spanning various aspect of human nature including actions motivated by fear, quick temper, and a high degree of intelligence. Bigger, whom the novel revolves around, portrays various personality elements through his actions. Many of his action suggest an overriding response to fear, which stems from his exposure to a harsh social climate in which a clear line between acceptable behavior for whites and blacks exists. His swift anger and his destructive impulses stem from that fear and becomes apparent in the opening scene when he fiercely attacks a huge rat. The same murderous impulse appears when his secret dread of the delicatessen robbery impels him to commit a vicious assault on his friend Gus. Bigger commits both of the brutal murders not in rage or anger, but as a reaction to fear. His typical fear stems from being caught in the act of doing something socially unacceptable and being the subject of punishment. Although he later admits to Max that Mary Daltons behavior toward him made him hate her, it is not that hate which causes him to smother her to death, but a feeble attempt to evade the detection of her mother. The fear of being caught with a white woman overwhelmed his common sense and dictated his actions. When he attempted to murder Bessie, his motivation came from intense fear of the consequences of letting her live. Bigger realized that he could not take Bessie with him or leave her behind and concluded that killing her could provide her only merciful end. The emotional forces that drive Bigger are conveyed by means other than his words. Besides reactions to fear, his actions demonstrate an extremely quick temper and destructive impulse as an integral part of his nature. Rage plays a key part in his basic nature, but does not directly motivate the murders he commits. Rage does not affect Biggers intelligence and quick thinking and it becomes evident during the interview with Briton. The detective makes Bigger so angry that the interrogation becomes a game to Bigger, a game of logic and wills, of playing the stupid negro, and telling the man exactly what he wants to hear. The game Bigger plays during the interrogation shows his great intelligence and ability to think q uickly on his feet. Bigger also displayed his intelligence in the creation of the ransom note. Using the situation to his advantage, Bigger wrote a ransom note to extort Marys parents for money. To make the note even more convincing and to dissuade blame from himself, Bigger signs the note with the communist symbol of a hammer and sickle. Although the book revolves around Bigger he possesses few good qualities, which get his horrendous actions negate, making him an anti-hero. He possess the violent tendencies to commit rape, extortion of the dead girls parents, robbing, and killing innocent people. These traits do not portray a simple victim of circumstance, but a habitual criminal acting out against a society. While Bigger dominates the story, his appalling actions make him a man that the reader can not look upon as a hero. In fact the author punishes the anti-hero character by condemning him to death for his crimes. One of the two most sympathetic characterizations of white persons in the novel comes from the character of Jan Erlone, Mary Daltons friend. He exhibits an enthusiastic personality and represents an idealistic young organizer for the Communist party. Marys parents and their servant Peggy distrust his motives. Bigger initially expresses a distaste for reds when responding to Jans friendly advances during their first meeting. While receiving distrust from those around him, Jan retains a simple belief in the equality for all men, regardless of social class or race. Throughout Jans first meeting with Bigger, he regards Bigger with the utmost respect. During the course of the night, Jan sits in the front of the car with Bigger, eats with him, drinks with him, and speaks to

Intergroup Anxiety and Intercultural Communication †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Intergroup Anxiety and Intercultural Communication. Answer: Introduction: The employment policy has caused many impacts on job opportunities for international students studying in Australia(Olsen, Burgess, Sharma, 2015). Even though the policy provides opportunities for these international students to engage themselves in some income generating activities to generate at least some revenue for their upkeep, the policy limits for working hours is too high(Gribble, 2016). In Australia, the department of jobs and small business has the mandate of developing employment policies and create jobs so that theyre readily available for acquisition. The employment policy for international students in Australia states that international students studying in Australia with a valid Visa are allowed to work up to a maximum of 20 hours per week while the learning session is on progress(Gomes, 2015). However, there is no limit of working hours during recognized school vacations management. This employment policy has brought about various impacts(Cheshire, 2016). Firstly, it has brought about job inconveniences. The fact that the students are only allowed to work for up to 20 hours per week makes employers shy away from acquiring them due to the inconsistent nature of their labor supply(Harvey, 2014). Secondly, the job opportunities are scarce because employers will choose to get flexible employees(French Strachan, 2015). Thirdly, research shows that there is a mismatch between labour and job requirements. Students looking for jobs will hardly get jobs matching their working criteria(Hakim, 2016). Lastly, proper remuneration and provision of favorable working conditions will go down. This research proposal aims at identifying the employment policy in Australia and unveiling the impacts that it has had on job opportunities for international students studying in Australia(Deeming Smyth, 2017). The objectives of this proposal are: State the Australian employment policy Identity the body charged with the mandate of prescription of the employment policy Determine the available jobs for international students and their requirements Determine the impact of the employment policy on job opportunities for these students A brief methodology For this research proposal, this study will use a mixed methodology to conduct the research adequately(Marginson, 2015). This method will help to collect relevant information to authenticate the research adequately, Literature review - For adequate coverage of the topic in question, sources will be the department of job opportunities and small business, academic journals, relevant websites, e.g., internationalstudent.com and pertinent other sources and reports that are available to the public(Rogen, 2014). Data collection - I will collect secondary data from Australian higher education institutions, the ministry of labor as well as other relevant employment organizations. Interviews - To verify and authenticate the secondary data, international students studying in Australia will be interviewed, I will also question principal employment sources and the information acquired as a result, together with the research findings will assist in coming up with the right conclusion and recommendations for future advancements on job creation and maintenance management. Secondary data sources As mentioned earlier in this report, secondary data will be majorly used, and it shall be acquired from the government website on the department of job and small business which is readily available online(Christensen Schneider, 2015). On the same note, information regarding impacts of employment policy on job opportunities, international students studying in Australia employment statics, available job opportunities and obtain their requirements from relevant academic journals and websites. After data collection, the so acquired data will be analyzed to find out the relationship between job opportunities for international students in Australia and the employment policy(Mak Brown, 2014). This will apparently bring out the resultant effects and determine whether or not they are as a result of employment policy. References Cheshire, L. (2016). Governing rural development: Discourses and practices of self-help in Australian agricultural policy. Routledge, 29-32. Christensen, K., Schneider, B. (2015). Workplace Flexibility: Realigning 20th-century jobs for a 21st-century workforce. Cornell University Press, 87-90. Deeming, C., Smyth, P. (2017). Social investment after neoliberalism: policy paradigms and political platforms. Journal of social policy, 17-20. French, E., Strachan, G. (2015). Women at work! Evaluating equal employment policies and outcomes in construction. Equality, Diversity, and Inclusion: An International Journal, 34-40. Gomes, C. (2015). Negotiating everyday life in Australia: Unpacking the parallel society inhabited by Asian international students through their social networks and entertainment media use. Journal of Youth Studies, 41-50. Gribble, C. (2016). Employment, work placements work-integrated learning of international students in Australia. International Education Association of Australia, Research Digest, 29-34. Gribble, C., Rahimi, M., Blackmore, J. (2017). International Students and Post-study Employment: The Impact of University and Host Community Engagement on the Employment Outcomes of International Students in Australia. In International Student Connected, 36-42. Hakim, C. (2016). Critical issues in women's work: Female diversity and the polarisation of women's employment. Routledge-Cavendish, 65-70. Harvey, P. (2014). Securing the right to employment: Social welfare policy and the unemployed in the United States. Princeton University Press, 70-74. Mak, A., Brown, P. (2014). Contact and attitudes toward international students in Australia: Intergroup anxiety and intercultural communication emotions as mediators. Journal of cross-cultural psychology, 55-57. Marginson, S. (2015). Is Australia overdependent on international students? International Higher Education, 53-58. Olsen, A., Burgess, Z., Sharma, R. (2015). The comparative academic performance of international students in Australia. International Higher Education, 54-62. Rogen, M. (2014). Review of Indigenous Training and Employment (Australia): creating parity. The Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, 50-62.

How To Use The Sample Of Argumentative Essay Writing PDF

How To Use The Sample Of Argumentative Essay Writing PDFIn this article, I am going to discuss a very useful technique for you to make use of when creating samples of argumentative essay writing. The key is that you learn the craft of writing by doing. By reading through the samples of essay writing, you can learn what you need to write about.This is one of the most valuable skills that you can develop. It allows you to explore your own creativity in writing and you do not have to worry about meeting a deadline or performing according to an existing work. This is a great help for anyone who finds it difficult to write. You get to sit back and enjoy the writing process as it comes to you instead of struggling with it every minute of the day. And yes, the more you practice, the more relaxed you will be and the better you will understand how to manage yourself better in dealing with the readers.It is a time consuming task to write an essay, especially when it is for the first time. Most students find it difficult to come up with the right topic and write a very good essay. With this information at hand, you can get started with practicing and then the samples of argumentative essay writing PDF should be a great resource.If you start writing an essay based on a sample, it can give you a lot of ideas as to how to begin your work and what you need to be looking for. When you do not know what to do or what words to use, it is best to read through the samples and ask for suggestions from friends and family. This will allow you to gain a better understanding of how to improve yourself.Your purpose in putting together the samples of argumentative essay writing PDF will be to find out what works best for you. This can be a new tool that you can use again to improve your skills. You need to look through the sample and also identify what you think will work best for you in order to make a better essay.The advantage of using the samples of argumentative essay writing PDF is that you can start on a fresh idea and then go through the work again. What you do is to keep coming back to your question, which can give you an insight into how you should continue to think about the essay. This can help you to use your thinking process well and take away from the routine of thinking without thinking.These are the things that you can learn from the samples of argumentative essay writing PDF. As long as you understand how to create something based on another source, you can make use of the samples of argumentative essay writing PDF.

Death Penalty essay Essays (810 words) - Capital Punishment

Death Penalty I feel that the Death Penalty is wrong, and I dont see how anyone could justify killing somebody with killing somebody. I think our socity is just using this for a band-aid for the real problems of our socity , we need to get back to our roots and stop the problems before they start. Nobody knows the date and the hour in which they will die, but in many states now you know the date and hour very well. Also there are to many issues that nobody but God should decide on, read what follows. The Rights and Privileges of Prisoners During the past year, there has been increasing discussion of the rights and privileges of prisoners. Some of these--such as exercise and weight lifting--relate to the prisoners' physical capabilities after release. Others--such as access to law books--may affect whether and when they are released. Others--these include requirements for hard physical labor, such as chain gangs, as well as privleges such as television--relate to the question of how unpleasant the prison experience should be. A discussion of these issues takes us to the heart of what punishment is all about. Is it intended primarily to reform, to deter, or is its purpose mainly retributive? Are there any limits on how unpleasant the prison experience can be made? At what point does punishment become torture? Justice and Money The OJ trial was one of the most expensive in history, and it is clear that Simpson's financial resources enabled him to mount a defense vastly superior to anything that most individuals would be able to present. Furthermore, those same financial resources made it much easier for the defense to remain one step ahead of the prosecution from the very beginning. What role should money play in the criminal justice system? The demands of justice seem to stress that we try to be impartial, to treat all defendants the same; yet money seems to insure that some defendants will be treated differently than others. The public defender system attempts to remedy some of these inequalities. Should be be any additional restrictions or changes in the system to insure more equal treatment for rich and poor before the law? Justice and Race The verdict in the OJ trial raised a number of important questions about the place of race in the criminal justice system. To what extent do you think that race was an issue in deciding on OJ's guilt or innocence? What is the proper role of race in such deliberations? The Death Penalty, IQ, and Age We are shocked when terrible crimes are perpetrated by individuals who are extremely young. Time Magazine, for example, published Murder in Minature , the story of 11 yr old Yummy Sandifer--who killed and was killed in Chicago. Recently, a convicted murderer with an IQ of 70 was executed. What restrictions should we have on those who can be sentenced to death? Should there be a minimum age, such that convicted felons under that age cannot be sentenced to death? Should there be an minimum IQ, such that convicted felons who are below that IQ cannot be senteced to death either because they may have had diminished responsibility in the first place or because they would have a diminished ability to participate in their own defense? Wrongful Murder Convictions and the Death Penalty What are the implications, if any, of the fact that sometimes we wrongfully convict--and in some cases, execute--people for murder? Should this be seen in utilitarian terms, or should the death of just a single innocent person be sufficient to dissuade us from the use of this penalty? To what extent are such convictions racially biased? For a recent example of such a cnviction , see Don Terry , DNA Tests, Confession Set 3 on the Path to Freedom in 1978 Murders, The New York Times, June 15, 1996. Four black men, falsely convicted of murder and rape and having spent 18 years in prison, are now free - in large part because of DNA tests and the efforts of supporters who gathered evidence. The Northern Illinois University Department of Sociology maintains statistics on Wrongful Murder S Executions and Suffering Sometimes criminals

Get the Definition of Schwa With Examples in English

Get the Definition of 'Schwa' With Examples in English The term  schwa  (from the Hebrew; pronounced SHWA with alternate spelling shwa) was first used in  linguistics  by the 19th-century German  philologist  Jacob Grimm. The  schwa is the most common vowel sound in English, represented as É™ in the International Phonetic Alphabet. Any vowel letter can stand for the schwa sound. Only words with two or more syllables may have a schwa, which is also called the  mid-central vowel. The schwa represents a mid-central vowel in an unstressed syllable, such as the second syllable in the word woman and the second syllable in the word buses.   Examples and Observations It is extremely important. ... to recognize that pronouncing unstressed vowels as schwa is not lazy or sloppy. All native speakers of Standard English, including the Queen of England, the Prime Minister of Canada, and the President of the United States, use schwa.(Avery, Peter and Susan Ehrlich. Teaching American English Pronunciation, Oxford University Press, 1992.) Reduced Vowels Vowels change in quality when they are reduced. The reduced vowel tends to be not only very short but also very unclear, producing an obscure sound that is hard to identify. Consider, as an example, the name of the California town Orinda, pronounced /É™rin-dÉ™/, with the first vowel and the last vowel reduced to schwa. Only the second vowel in the word, the stressed vowel, maintains its clarity. The other two vowels are very unclear.(Gilbert, Judy B. Clear Speech: Pronunciation and Listening Comprehension in North American English, 3rd ed., Cambridge University Press, 2005.) Dialectal Variations in Schwa Usage If you listen for it, you can hear schwa in all sorts of places where syllables arent stressed- for example, at the beginnings of words like official, occasion, event, and fatigue. Many people... feel that schwa-ful pronunciations are lazy, but really you would sound pretty odd if you did pronounce the full vowel in place of schwa in these words. Pronunciations like ohfficial and ohccasion sound unnatural and rather theatrical. Schwa also occurs in the middle of words like coronation and afterwards. Again, it would be peculiar not to sound schwa in this position- for instance, corohnation for coronation. ... Schwa usage varies greatly between dialects. Australian English speakers often put schwas in places where British and American speakers wont. Striking differences are also now appearing as a consequence of the worldwide spread of English.(Burridge, Kate. Blooming English: Observations on the Roots, Cultivation and Hybrids of the English Language, Cambridge University Press, 2004.) Schwa and Zero Schwa In terms of duration- a phonetic property that the IPA vowel chart does not indicate- schwa is typically quite short, and this short duration may covary with its tendency to be coarticulated. ... [G]iven its short duration and its consequent tendency to camouflage itself to its context through coarticulation, schwa may be confused with its absence, setting up a situation in which schwa-zero alternations may take hold in a system...(Silverman, Daniel. Schwa The Blackwell Companion to Phonology, edited by Marc van Oostendorp et al., Wiley-Blackwell, 2011.) Schwa and English Spelling For the most part, the schwa vowel sound in a two-syllable word is identified by the uh pronunciation and sound. Oftentimes, children spell chocolate as choclat, separate as seprate, or memory as memry. The schwa vowel is thus omitted. The vowel sound schwa is also found in two-syllable words such as alone, pencil, syringe, and taken. Children commonly misrepresent the schwa vowel and spell these words: ulone for alone, pencol for pencil, suringe for syringe, and takin for taken. It is still the vowel in the unstressed syllable that is featured in this case. ... This time, it is substituted with another incorrect vowel. These aforementioned misunderstandings generally disappear as the child advances in his reasoning and knowledge of the English language, learns conventional alternatives for representing sounds, and begins to apply patterning including syllables and a visual sense to his spelling.(Heembrock, Roberta. Why Kids Cant Spell: A Practical Guide to the Missing Component in Language Proficiency, Rowman Littlefield, 2008.) Schwa and the Evolution of Language [T]here is one vowel, now quite common in the languages of the world, that is ... unlikely to have been in the inventories of earliest languages. This is the schwa vowel, [É™], as in the second syllable of English sofa. ... In English, schwa is the classic weak vowel, not used in any crucial contrasting function, but as a variant of (almost) any vowel in unstressed position. ... Not all languages have a schwa vowel, weakening an unstressed vowel as English does. But many languages with similar rhythmic properties to English have an equivalent to the English schwa vowel. It seems likely that the earliest languages, before they had had time to evolve such weakening rules, would not have had a schwa vowel.(Hurford, James R. The Origins of Language, Oxford University Press, 2014.)

Economics Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Economics Paper - Essay Example The product or service a firm offers is usually the only one present in the market, therefore, the distinction between a firm and an industry becomes blurred. The firm becomes synonymous to its product/service and to the industry. Monopolistic market deviates from a perfect competition market. A perfect competition market is characterized by infinite number of competing firms, many product/service offerings, and perfectly elastic demand, to name a few. Monopolistic market, on the other hand, has a single firm, limited number of product/service, and a relatively inelastic demand. The differences between the two are greatly felt from the point of view of the consumer in a monopolistic market who has a limited choice of product/service, supply, and unregulated price. Since the product/service offered by a firm in a monopolistic market is usually the only available choice, product/service substitutes are usually absent. It is difficult to find a product/service that closely resembles the one offered by a firm in a monopolistic market. Consumers are left with a choice of either buying the product the firm offers, buy a poor substitute (if a competition is present), or not buy at all (which is unlikely since the product/service offered in a monopolistic market is usually a basic need or commodity). A firm in a monopolistic market determines the price since it is the only supplier present. As opposed to a perfect competition environment where buyers/consumers dictate the price, a firm in a monopolistic market has the solitary control of price (i.e. price maker). Where there are more players in the market, more choices are offered to consumers; hence, the power to control the price is left at the hands of consumers. In a monopolistic market, the power lies in the hands of a single firm. Monopolistic competitive market is occupied by many competing firms while

Spain culture and traditions Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Spain culture and traditions - Research Paper Example The bull is usually killed at the end of the occasion. This activity usually takes place between the months of April and October, and the Spaniards usually prepare for this event with excitement. There have been several occasions when this tradition has been banned by governments, but progressive ones allow its reinstitution. This is an indicator that the practice is ingrained in the Spanish culture and it is not easy to get rid of it (Whittaker 2008 p 67). Traditional songs and dance are also core components of Spanish culture. They vary from region to region, and the music is mainly focused on conveying particular messages to the listeners. For example in the 20th century, Spanish traditional music was largely used to spread propaganda regarding the totalitarian rule. These include Jota, Fandango, and Sardana amongst others (Moffitt 1999 p 43). The Spanish folk dance was a significant indicator of unity and identity. Annual festivals are held every year, providing an avenue for the Spaniards to demonstrate their culture. In such occasions, they demonstrate their cultural music and dances, fireworks, paintings amongst other traditional activities. The culture and traditions of the Spaniards is an important factor that gives them a sense of identity of the nation (Nash 2001 p 56). It generates personality and uniqueness amongst the Spain nationals. It also helps in building strong social institutions through establishing the nationâ₠¬â„¢s behavioral

Cause And Effects Of Land Degradation Environmental Sciences Essay

Cause And Effects Of Land Degradation Environmental Sciences Essay Land degradation is an issue of increasing concern to most countries. It is a concept in which the value of the environment is affected by one or more combination of human induced processes acting upon the land. It also means the deterioration in the quantity of land or soil that affects phenomena such as floods and bushfires. The land degradation threatens not only the viability of agriculture, but also water quality, human health, biodiversity and the fundamental ecological processes on which all life depend. The loss of arable land has been caused by a number of factors, many or most of which are tied to human development and agriculture used. The major causes are land clearance such as clear cutting and deforestation, agriculture activities, irrigation salinity and over drafting, livestock including overgrazing, pollution and industrialization. Overgrazing is a common problem in many parts of Australia. It is caused by animals, generally sheep, cattle, or other feral animals, all concentrated in the one area, all feeding on the grass and shrubs. Grass and shrubs hold the soil firmly together. The removal of grass and shrubs leaves the soil bare and susceptible to wind and water erosion. The soil can be broken up or compacted by hooves, this makes the problem worse. Irrigation salinity is when the irrigation water, used to provide water for crops and pasture, seeps down to the water table, with all the dissolved salts, rises and kills the crops and grass, as they are not used to the salty soils. Deforestation is the complete removal of a forest ecosystem and conversion of the land to another type of landscape. It differs from clear-cutting, which entails complete removal of all standing trees but leaves the soil in a condition to regrow a new forest if seeds are available. Over drafting is the process of extracting groundwater beyond the safe yield or equilibrium yield of the aquifer. Since every groundwater basin recharges at a different rate depending upon precipitation, vegetative cover and soil conservation practices, the quantity of groundwater that can be safely pumped varies greatly among regions of the world and even within provinces. Some aquifers require a very long time to recharge and thus the process of over drafting can have consequences of effectively drying up certain sub-surface water supplies. Land Degradation Processes The main outcome of land degradation is a substantial reduction in the productivity of land. The land degradation processes include soil erosion, nutrient depletion, salinization, desertification and soil acidification or alkalinisation. Soil erosion is a natural process that removes soil from the land. The critical aspect of soil erosion for our purpose here is that the rate of the process is highly dependent on human actions. Natural rates of soil erosion are lower for soil with a good cover of vegetation than for bare soil. In fact, any human actions that uncover soil (farming, logging, building, overgrazing, fires, etc.) greatly enhance soil erosion rates. Soil salinization is the concentration of salts in the surface or near surface of soils. It involves the processes of salt accumulation in the upper rooting zone so that many plants are inhibited or prohibited from normal growth. Human induced salinization is a major problem in drylands and is often associated with large-scale irrigation. Dryland Salinity When drylands are irrigated, the water evaporates quickly, leaving behind previously dissolved salts. These salts can collect, since there is little rain to flash the system. The salt in the soil inhibits the uptake of water by plant roots and the soil can no longer sustain a vegetative cover. Irrigation Salinity Irrigation salinity is when the irrigation water, used to provide water for crops and pasture, seeps down to the water table, with all the dissolved salts, rises and kills the crops and grass, as they are not used to the salty soils. Nutrients loss is an important problem in regions of low-input agriculture, such as Africa. In such regions, when crops are harvested, essential nutrients are taken away in the crop and not replaced. Desertification occurs whenever a non-desert area starts to exhibit the characteristics of a true desert. The term was coined by the United Nations in 1977. The main cause of desertification is not drought, but mismanagement of land, including overgrazing and felling of trees and brushwood for fuels. Soil acidification is when certain chemicals are used on the soil, for various reasons including pesticides, removal of salt from the surface and the soil, acid rain, the growth of certain crops, certain animal wastes and etc, these chemicals are often absorbed into the soil and become part of the soil-structure. With these chemicals now part of the soil, the soil may become acidic and therefore crops and pastures will not grow. Soil acidification can lead to a productivity decline up to and equal to 50%. Soil akalinisation is clay soils with high pH (> 9), a poor soil structure and a low infiltration capacity. Alkali soils owe their unfavorable physico-chemical properties mainly to the dominating presence of sodium carbonate which causes the soil to swell. Sometimes these soils are also referred to as (alkaline) sodic soils. Effect of degradation Several land degradation affected a significant portion of the arable lands, decreasing the wealth and economic development of nations. Land degradation cancels out advanced by improved crop yields and reduced population growth. As the land resource, base becomes less productive, food security is comprised and competition for dwindling resources increases. Thus, a downward eco-social spiral is created when lands are nutrient depleted by unsustainable land management practices resulting in lost soil stability leading to permanent change. Land degradation not only affects soil productivity but also have more significant impacts on receiving water resources. Since soil along with nutrients and contaminants associated with soil, are delivered in large quantities to environments. Land degradation therefore has potentially impacts on lakes and reservoirs that are designed to alleviate flooding provide irrigation and generate Hydro-Power. In summary, land degradation includes soil erosion, salinization, soil acidification or akalinisation and desertification. The rate of degradation has increased dramatically with growth in human populations and technology. Severe land damage accompanies large-scale of agriculture. The continued loss of arable land will jeopardize our ability to feed the world population. Land degradation is a worldwide problem which includes both of the developed and developing countries.