Periodic Table Research Task

semiannual Table Research Task By Kevin Shaji Part A. You ar to research the line below and submit as a written piece of work i) foundation Dalton proposed his nuclear theory in 1808. summary his theory. (4 marks) ii) Explain which part of Daltons nuclear theory was later found to be incorrect. (3 marks) iii) Dalton developed a itinerary to pecker the intercourse nuclear gage of the varied ingredients. Using fashion haves research and describe the implication of the term relative nuclear plenitude. (3 marks) i) 1) Elements are make up of fiddling particles c entirelyed atoms. 2) Atoms can non be destroyed or created barely can be re coherent during chemic changes. ) Atoms of a particular element are homogeneous in mass, size, determine and a nonher(prenominal) properties. 4) Atoms of divers(prenominal) elements are different in their mass, size, shape and other properties. 5) Atoms can non be divided into dainty particles. 6) Atoms of different elements com bine in small whole- exit ratios to form compounds. ii) 1) One part of Daltons nuclear theory that was later spy to be incorrect was the part w present atoms could not be divided into smaller pieces. fresh research has proved that atoms can be sub-divided into sub-atomic particles like protons, neutrons and electrons. ) Due to the witnessy of isotopes it has been observe that atoms of the same element are not exactly identical. They have different canaille out-of-pocket to the number of neutrons. 3) Also it has been detect that different elements have the same mass. These elements are called isobars. 4) It has been recently sight that atoms can actually be destroyed by fission processes in atomic reactors or by atomic bombs. 5) Another defect in Daltons atomic theory is that not all compounds have small whole-number ratios. They can actually have large whole-number ratios as well. ii) The relative atomic mass is delineate as the average mass of the isotopes in a vividly o ccurring sample of the element, pickings into account the proportion of each isotope present. The symbol for relative atomic mass is Ar. For precedent naturally occurring chlorine has two isotopes Cl-35 and Cl-37. Cl-35 has a relative abundance (which is the percentage of that isotope on Earth in relation to the occur abundance of the atom on Earth) of 75% while Cl-37 has a relative abundance of 25%. To calculate the Ar you mustiness put the above into a formula. Ar= (75/100? 35) + (25/100? 37) =35. Another example of calculating relative atomic mass is For an element E with the naturally occurring isotopes aE, bE, cE, and with the several(prenominal) abundances of A%, B%, C% etc, the relative atomic mass (Ar) = (A/100 x a) + (B/100 x b) + (C/100 x c) Part B Leucippus Leucippus was an early pre-Socratic antediluvian Greek philosopher who lived some succession during the 5th speed of light BCE. Not practically of Leucippus early intent is know due to the fact that not le gion(predicate) of his dates were recorded. What we do know is that he was an Ionian Greek that analyze at an Ionian condition of naturalistic doctrine.At near 440 BCE Leucippus founded a tame at Abdera, which his celebrated pupil Democritus attended. Around this time he proposed the theory of atomism. According to this atomism, the universe is tranquil of two elements the atoms and the void in which they dwell and move. This theory was later explained in much greater detail by his pupil Democritus. Leucippus contri barelyed indirectly towards the development of the midweekly hedge since he proposed the kickoff head of atoms. give thanks to his ideas the foundation for the fortnightly plug-in was possible. Without his ideas the way we view the valet de chambre may be on the whole different.Democritus Democritus was an influential pre-Socratic ancient Greek philosopher who lived from circa 460 BCE to circa 370 BCE. He inherited his fathers vast fortunes and used it t o travel the world and visit many countries on his signal of knowledge. During these trips he met many scholars who taught many lessons. When he finally came covering fire to his native trim down he became interested in natural philosophy. At the around 440 BCE he became associated with a school in Abdera, which was founded by Leucippus, his mentor. His instructor was the first one to propose atoms, but Democritus later adopted this into his own atomic theory.His theory tell that all(prenominal)thing contains tiny particles called atoms and that they were indivisible. He hypothesised that these atoms cannot be destroyed, that they were invisible that they were always and moving. He withal verbalize and that they differ in size, shape, mass, position, and arrangement. Democritus contributed indirectly to the development of the day-by-day accede. His parting helped people to chthonianstand what an atom was and helped other scientists further look into cognition of the ato m, which in turn led to the mental hospital of the atomic panel. AristotleAristotle was an ancient Greek philosopher who lived from 384 BCE to 322 BCE. He was the student of the ancient Greek philosopher Plata and the instructer to one of the greatest military commanders in the world black lovage the Great. He taught many subjects including physics, metaphysics, poetry, theatre, music, logic, rhetoric, linguistics, politics, government, ethics, biology, and zoology. He is considered to be one the more or less important figures in Western philosophy due to his writings encompassing morality, aesthetics, logic, science, politics, and metaphysics.One of his nearly well-know theories is that all mater is made from five elements. These elements are fire, water, air, earth and the ordinal part element aether. He believed all emergence was made from a combination of the four-spot elements except the stars and planets which are made of the fifth element aether. nonetheless though Aristotles theory was wrong he contributed indirectly to the diurnal panel. The diurnal table consists of elements and he hypothesised that elements exist. rump Dalton hind end Dalton was an side pharmacist, meteorologist and physicist. He was born on the 6th of kinsfolk 1766 and died on the 27th of July 1844.He began to study at a local village school and at the age of 12 began to see on that point. At the age of 15, he began to teach at a Quaker school in Kendal. After teaching here for 10 years he travel to Manchester as a teacher. eon there he joined the Manchester Literary and philosophical Society, which provided him laboratory facilities. The first paper he presented was or so colour blindness which he suffered from. Dalton arrived to atomism by his fascination of meteorology. Dalton stated that the forces of repulsion thought to bugger off compel acted only betwixt atoms of the same type.From here on he proceeded to calculate the atomic freight of atoms from p ercentage compositions of compounds. After this he developed his own atomic theory, which completely revolutionised the way we see the world today. Dalton contributed indirectly to the development of the day-to-day table. Daltons info on atomic weights was a immense factor in the creation the hourly table. He also proposed a chemical symbols for some elements. Without Daltons ground-breaking work the casual table would not be possible. Johann DoberienerJohann Wolfgang Doberiener was a German apothecary who was born on the 13th of December 1780 and died on the twenty-fourth of action 1849. Doberiener had little opportunity for clod schooling, and so he was apprenticed to a pharmacist. He began to read widely, and attended scientific lectures whenever he received the chance. In time he became a professor at the University of Jena in 1810. During the period of 1815-29, Johann Doberiener staged elements in disposition of their atomic weight. He sorted these elements into grou ps of three, which became known as the law of triads.He arranged them according to the atomic weight of the position element to the average atomic weight of the remaining two. Doberiener contributed indirectly toward the development of the monthly table. Though his method was discarded due to the fact it didnt apply to all the elements, Doberiener gave rise to advanced ways to associate the elements which greatly helped in the creation of the periodic table. John Newlands John Alexander Reina Newlands was an side chemist who worked on the development of the periodic table. He was born in capital of the United poufdom on the 26th of November of 1837 and died on the twenty-ninth of July 1898.He did not study at a normal school but was sort of home schooled by his father. He went on to study at the Royal College of Chemistry. In 1863, he set up a practice as an analytical chemist and in 1868 he became the chief chemist at James Duncans capital of the United Kingdom sugar refinery . He later left hand this profession and in 1864 published his fancy of the periodicity of the chemical elements. He arranged all 62 elements (known at the time) into a table establish upon the ascending order of the atomic weights. He observed that every 8th element in his table displayed convertible properties.He named this discovery the Law of Octaves and stated that an element exhibits behavior that is similar to the one-eighth element preceding/succeeding it. John Newlands contributed indirectly to the development of the periodic table. Even though Newlands table was not accepted, his work helped to lead Mendeleev (the father of the periodic table) on the right track therefrom greatly contributing to creation of the periodic table. Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev was a Russian chemist and inventor. He was born in Siberia in 1834 and died in 1907.He is considered the father of the periodic table because he created the first strain of the periodic table of element and used it to predict elements insofar to be sight. In 1849 his family relocated to St. Petersburg and Mendeleev entered the principal(prenominal) Pedagogical Institute in 1850. He studied science there and gradational in 1856. In 1863 Mendeleev was appointed to a professorship in the University he studied in. In 1864 Dmitri Mendeleev produced his greatest achievement the periodic table of elements. He arranged the 66 elements known at the time by their atomic weight.By doing this he managed to organise them into groups possessing similar properties. If a gap existed in his table, he anticipated that a brand new element would one day be discovered and he predicted its properties. Some of the elements he predicted were later found and provided great demo towards the accuracy of his table. Dmitri Mendeleev contributed directly towards the development of the periodic table since he developed it. Mendeleevs original periodic table of elements is the model of the modern day periodic table of elements and thanks to his discovery we have a greater understanding of the universe. total heat MoseleyHenry Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley was an English physicist who was born in England on the twenty-third of November 1887 and died on the 10th of August 1915 at Gallipoli. As a young male child Moseley studied at Summer field School where he was awarded a Kings scholarship to attend Eton College. In 1906, Moseley entered Trinity College of the University of Oxford, where he earned his unmarried mans degree. In 1910, Moseley began to study under Sir Ernest Rutherford. In 1913, he moved back to Oxford, where he was given laboratory facilities. While at Oxford, Moseley measured the x-ray spectral lines of nearly all the elements known at the time.The results of his study showed a clear and simplex progression of the elements that was based on the number of protons in the atoms nucleus, quite an than the order based on atomic weights that was then the basis of the periodic table. Moseley contributed indirectly to the development of the periodic table. He discovered the atomic number of elements which revolutionised the way the elements were sorted. flat thanks to him the modern periodic table is sorted by atomic number. Timeline of The episodic Table 440 BCE Democritus and Leucippus put forward the idea of the atom, an indivisible particle that all study is made of. 30 BCE Aristotle proposes his theory about the four elements which are earth, air, fire & water. He also proposes a fifth element aether, which the stars and planets were made of. 360 BCE Plato coins term the term elements. 1605 CE Sir Francis Bacon published The Proficience and Advancement of Learning which contained a description of what would later be known as the scientific method which is the learning of new knowledge or the correction of existing knowledge. 1661 CE Robert Boyle published The quizzical Chymist which was a written work on the distinction between chemistr y and alchemy.It also contained some of the first ideas of atoms, molecules, and chemical reactions. 1754 CE Joseph Black isolated carbon dioxide, which he called fixed air. 1778 CE Antoine Lavoisier wrote the first detailed list of elements. The list contained 33 elements & differentiated between metals and non-metals. 1766 CE Henry Cavendish discovered hydrogen was a colourless, inodorous gas that burns and can form an explosive variety show with air. 17731774 CE Carl Wilhelm Scheele and Joseph hieratical independently isolated oxygen. 1803 CE John Dalton proposed Daltons Law which described the stupefy between the components in a mixture of gases. 828 CE Jons Jacob Berzelius created a table of atomic weights and introduced letters to represent elements. 1828 CE Johann Doberiener developed groups of 3 elements with similar properties, which he called triads. 1864 CE John Newlands organised the known elements in order of atomic weights and observed resemblances between some elem ents. 1864 CE Julius Lothar Meyer develops an early version of the periodic table, with 28 elements classified by valence. 1864 CE Dmitri Mendeleev produced a table based upon atomic weights but organised periodically with elements of congruent properties under each other.His cyclic Table included the 66 elements known at the time, classified by their atomic weights. 1894 CE William Ramsay discovered the Noble Gases. 1898 CE Marie and Pierre Curie isolated celestial longitude and polonium from pitchblende. 1900 CE Sir Ernest Rutherford discovered the cause of radioactivity was decaying atoms. 1913 CE Henry Moseley discovered the atomic number of each of the elements which changed the way the periodic table was organised. 1940 CE Edwin McMillan and Philip H. Abelson discover neptunium, the lightest and first synthesized trans uracil element, found in the products of uracil fission. 1940 CEGlenn Seaborg arranged the transuranic elements (the elements after uranium in the periodic t able) below the periodic table making it easier to read. Reference run tutorvista. com. Daltons nuclear Theory. ONLINE ready(prenominal) at http//chemistry. tutorvista. com/inorganic-chemistry/dalton-s-atomic-theory. html. Accessed 23 butt against 13. citycolligiate. com. Daltons Atomic Theory. ONLINE functional at http//www. citycollegiate. com/atomic_structureIXc. htm. Accessed 23 butt 13. ausetute. com. coition Atomic Mass. ONLINE Available at http//www. ausetute. com. au/atomicmass. html. Accessed 23 environ 13. vogadro. com. Relative Atomic Mass, Ar. ONLINE Available at http//www. avogadro. co. uk/definitions/ar. htm. Accessed 23 marching 13. en. wikipedia. org. Relative atomic mass. ONLINE Available at http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Relative_atomic_mass. 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